Bark v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 511 F.2d 1200 (9th Cir. 1975)

Bark, a native and citizen of South Korea, entered the United States as a nonimmigrant student but later violated the terms of his student status. Bark then applied for an adjustment of status to become a permanent resident based on his marriage to a U.S. citizen. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) denied his application because Bark had not maintained his lawful nonimmigrant status as required by the relevant statute. The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) affirmed this decision.

Holding:

The Ninth Circuit held that the INS and BIA did not err in their interpretation of the statute, which requires an alien seeking an adjustment of status to have maintained his lawful nonimmigrant status. Bark's failure to maintain his student status thus made him ineligible for an adjustment of status based on his marriage to a U.S. citizen.

Important Cases and Statutes Relied Upon:

8 U.S.C. § 1255(a): This statute outlines the requirements for the adjustment of status of nonimmigrant to that of person admitted for permanent residence. It states that the Attorney General may, in his discretion, adjust the status of an alien to that of a lawful permanent resident if the alien is eligible to receive an immigrant visa and is admissible to the U.S. for permanent residence, among other conditions. 8 U.S.C. § 1255(c): This statute specifies conditions under which adjustment of status is precluded, including, among other things, for an alien who has failed to maintain a lawful nonimmigrant status.

Legal Implications in Simple Terms:

The Ninth Circuit's decision in Bark reinforced the importance of nonimmigrants maintaining their lawful status if they wish to adjust to permanent residency in the future. In essence, if you're in the U.S. under a specific visa category (like a student visa), you must adhere to the terms and conditions of that visa. Failure to do so can have consequences, including being ineligible to adjust your status based on certain grounds, such as marriage to a U.S. citizen.